Dr. Richardson, in his lectures on alcohol, given each in England and America, speaking of the action of this substance on the blood after passing from the abdomen, says:
“Suppose, then, a bound measure of alcohol be taken into the stomach, it can be absorbed there, but, previous to absorption, it will have to endure a proper degree of dilution with water, for there’s this peculiarity respecting alcohol when it is separated by an animal membrane from a watery fluid just like the blood, that it can not withstand the membrane until it has become charged, to a given point of dilution, with water. It’s itself, in fact, thus greedy for water, it will pick it up from watery textures, and deprive them of it until, by its saturation, its power of reception is exhausted , after which it can diffuse into the current of circulating fluid.”
It’s this power of absorbing water from every texture with which alcoholic spirits comes in-tuned, that creates the burning thirst of those who freely take pleasure in its use. Its effect, when it reaches the circulation, is therefore described by Dr. Richardson:
“Because it passes through the circulation of the lungs it’s exposed to the air, and a few little of it, raised into vapor by the natural heat, is thrown off in expiration. If the amount of or not it’s giant, this loss could be considerable, and therefore the odor of the spirit might be detected in the expired breath. If the number be tiny, the loss can be comparatively very little, because the spirit can be held in resolution by the water in the blood. After it’s felt the lungs, and has been driven by the left heart over the arterial circuit, it passes into what’s known as the minute circulation, or the structural circulation of the organism. The arteries here extend into very small vessels, which are known as arterioles, and from these infinitely small vessels spring the equally minute radicals or roots of the veins, which are ultimately to become the nice rivers bearing the blood back to the heart. In its passage through this minute circulation the alcohol finds its manner to each organ. To the present brain, to those muscles, to those secreting or excreting organs, nay, even into this bony structure itself, it moves with the blood. In some of these components which don’t seem to be excreting, it remains for a time subtle, and in those components where there’s a large proportion of water, it remains longer than in other parts. From some organs which have an open tube for conveying fluids away, because the liver and kidneys, it is thrown out or eliminated, and during this method a portion of it is ultimately removed from the body. The remainder passing spherical and round with the circulation, is in all probability decomposed and carried off in new kinds of matter.
“When we understand the course that the alcohol takes in its passage through the body, from the period of its absorption to that of its elimination, we tend to are the better in a position to guage what physical changes it induces in the various organs and structures with that it comes in contact. It initial reaches the blood; however, most of the time, the number of it that enters is insufficient to provide any material effect on that fluid. If, but, the dose taken be poisonous or semi-poisonous, then even the blood, rich as it’s in water and it contains seven hundred and ninety components in a very thousand is affected. The alcohol is subtle through this water, and there it comes in-tuned with the opposite constituent components, with the fibrine, that plastic substance which, when blood is drawn, clots and coagulates, and which is gift in the proportion of from two to three components in an exceedingly thousand; with the albumen which exists in the proportion of seventy components; with the salts that yield regarding 10 parts; with the fatty matters; and lastly, with those minute, round bodies that float in myriads in the blood (which were discovered by the Dutch thinker, Leuwenhock, joined of the first results of microscopical observation, concerning the center of the seventeenth century), and that are called the blood globules or corpuscles. These last-named bodies are, in fact, cells; their discs, when natural, have a sleek define, they’re depressed in the centre, and they’re red in color; the colour of the blood being derived from them. We have discovered that there exist different corpuscles or cells within the blood in abundant smaller quantity, that are referred to as white cells, and these completely different cells float in the blood-stream at intervals the vessels. The red take the centre of the stream; the white lie externally near the edges of the vessels, moving less quickly. Our business is mainly with the red corpuscles. They perform the most important functions within the economy; they absorb, in nice half, the oxygen that we have a tendency to inhale in respiration, and carry it to the acute tissues of the body; they absorb, in nice half, the carbonic acid gas that is made within the combustion of the body in the acute tissues, and produce that gas back to the lungs to be exchanged for oxygen there; in brief, they’re the important instruments of the circulation.
“With all these parts of the blood, with the water, fibrine, albumen, salts, fatty matter and corpuscles, the alcohol comes in grips when it enters the blood, and, if it be in sufficient quantity, it produces disturbing action. I’ve got watched this disturbance terribly fastidiously on the blood corpuscles; for, in some animals we will see these floating along during life, and we have a tendency to will additionally observe them from men who are beneath the results of alcohol, by removing a speck of blood, and examining it with the microscope. The action of the alcohol, when it is observable, is varied. It may cause the corpuscles to run too closely along, and to stick in rolls; it could modify their define, making the clear-defined, swish, outer edge irregular or crenate, or perhaps starlike; it might amendment the round corpuscle into the oval kind, or, in terribly extreme cases, it might turn out what I may call a truncated kind of corpuscles, in that the amendment is therefore great that if we have a tendency to did not trace it through all its stages, we tend to ought to be puzzled to understand whether or not the thing looked at were indeed a blood-cell. All these changes are because of the action of the spirit upon the water contained within the corpuscles; upon the capacity of the spirit to extract water from them. Throughout every stage of modification of corpuscles so described, their perform to absorb and fix gases is impaired, and when the aggregation of the cells, in lots, is nice, other difficulties arise, for the cells, united together, pass less easily than they must through the minute vessels of the lungs and of the final circulation, and impede the present, by which native injury is produced.
“A more action upon the blood, instituted by alcohol in excess, is upon the fibrine or the plastic colloidal matter. On this the spirit might act in 2 different ways, consistent with the degree in which it affects the water that holds the fibrine in solution. It may fix the water with the fibrine, and thus destroy the ability of coagulation; or it may extract the water thus determinately as to produce coagulation.”
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